Ubuntu 6.10和OpenSUSE 10.2正在成为微软Vista竞争对手(在某些方面)
来自Canonical公司的Edgy Eft为我们提供了非常好的管理工具和非常多的应用程序，而来自Novell公司的OpenSUSE则为我们带来友好用户界面以及一些高端功能。
正当整个业界在为windows vista姗姗来迟而苦等的时候，基于Linux的操作系统已经获得了不少支持。来自企业和个人的支持，使得Linux操作系统已经获得了操作系统市场稳固的一块份额。
在这场行动中，走在最前列的两个linux发行版是OpenSUSE 10.2和Ubuntu 6.10，上述两个Linux发行版都是Linux发行版中的佼佼者，都附带有强大的软件功能以及良好的用户界面，甚至还考虑到了服务器性能方面的优惠，但是最关键的一点，他们是开源的。
Ubuntu6.10官方发行代号为Edgy Eft，这是目前最新的来自Canonical公司的Linux发行版，Ubuntu虽说是个非常“年轻”的发行版，但是他植根于Debian GNU/Linux 发行版，而后者有着强大的用户基础以及成熟的自由软件社区开发模式和经验。正是这些强大的用户基础以及社区运作经验，使得Ubuntu获得了空前的成功，Ubuntu的软件分类超过了其他我们测试的Linux发行版，更厉害的是他的软件管理系统，不仅在众多的Linux发行版中优势明显，而且在我看来，比微软的Windows和Apple的 OS X都要好。
Novell的OpenSESE 10.2的强大之处在于其渊源的历史，OpenSUSE 是基于面向零售市场的SUSE Linux改造而来，一直以来和Windows争夺桌面操作系统市场。OpenSUSE 10.2的强大在于他的优秀的用户界面，还有就是他的Yast升级套件，而且在Linux高端服务器市场，Novell和Redhat的竞争也非常激烈，因而OpenSUSE 10.2 的桌面系统支持AppArmor技术和Xen虚拟技术，而这些企业桌面系统的要点在Ubuntu中还找不到。
虽说你可以通过社区的支持，可以在Ubuntu服务器上完成SUSE服务器上能够完成的一切，但是这意味着你要安装非官方发布的软件包等等，而这一些都可能是安全隐患。
而相比较而言，OpenSUSE 10.2自带的Yast套件则提供了一站式服务。
Review: Canonical's "Edgy Eft" provides excellent management tools and a broad app catalog; Novell's new OpenSUSE offers GUI-friendly and high-end features.
While the eyes of the IT world have spent years squinting to see Microsoft's slowly unfolding vistas, the companies and individuals that drive open source have been steadily building a case for broader adoption of Linux-based operating systems.
Two of the best all-around Linux distributions to emerge from this process are OpenSUSE 10.2 and Ubuntu 6.10, both of which bundle together the best of what open source has to offer into operating systems that merit consideration for desktop and (some) server workloads.
Ubuntu 6.10, also known as Edgy Eft, is the latest release in the popular line of Linux operating systems from Canonical. Ubuntu is a fairly young distribution, but its roots in Debian give it a solid foundation—both in terms of its code and in its community of users.
This strong foundation is most evident in Ubuntu's excellent software management tools and wide catalog of prepackaged software. Ubuntu's catalog surpasses those of all other Linux distributions we've tested, and its software management tools outclass not only Linux rivals' but also Microsoft Windows' and Apple OS X's.
The strengths of Novell's OpenSUSE 10.2 are rooted in the operating system's history. OpenSUSE 10.2, which began shipping in December, descends from the retail-marketed SUSE Linux, which was long positioned as a direct rival to Windows. As a result, OpenSUSE contains GUI-friendly features such as the Yast suite of configuration tools. What's more, SUSE's background as a direct rival to Red Hat in the enterprise server space means that OpenSUSE ships with high-end elements—such as AppArmor security and Xen virtualization support—that Ubuntu does not offer right out of the box.
You can certainly configure an Ubuntu server to carry out any role that an OpenSUSE box can offer, but, in many cases, this means installing unofficial packages and following community-generated how-to documents.
In contrast, OpenSUSE's Yast offers users a one-stop shop for graphically configuring a laundry list of system settings, including quite a few server configuration tasks. What's more, Yast offers a text-mode front end that looks and works very much like its graphical front-end sibling, which makes it easy to connect to a remote OpenSUSE server.
To upgrade or not to upgrade?
Ubuntu 6.10 is the follow-on to version 6.06 LTS of the distro (Ubuntu releases have a year-month versioning scheme), and, as one would expect, Edgy Eft boasts a number of improvements. These include updates to the GNOME 2.16 desktop environment, OpenOffice 2.0.4, Gaim 2.0 and Firefox 2.0.
However, Edgy Eft lacks the extended support pledge (three years for desktop configurations and five years for server configurations) that the previous version offers. (The "LTS" in Ubuntu 6.06 stands for long-term support). Edgy Eft has a shorter support term—about 18 months—so sites upgrading to Version 6.10 should expect to upgrade again about a year from now.
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We found it very easy to upgrade Dapper Drake (the nickname for Ubuntu 6.06) machines to Edgy Eft—in fact, in-place upgrades are one of Ubuntu's real strengths—but whenever you undertake an OS-wide upgrade, there's potential for breakage. Fortunately, Ubuntu packaging pitfalls are fairly easy to recover from for administrators with a bit of experience using Ubuntu's or Debian's software management tools.
Canonical has not yet announced when it will release the next Ubuntu version with long-term support, but users of Dapper Drake in server roles might be better off waiting for the next LTS release to upgrade.
The support term for OpenSUSE 10.2 is no shorter than for 10.1, so an upgrade from 10.1 makes good sense, especially since it's free. An upgrade makes especially good sense for desktop installations of OpenSUSE, as the newer version brings with it noticeable upgrades to its key desktop applications.
eWEEK Labs believes that either Ubuntu 6.10 or OpenSUSE 10.2 is worthy of replacing Windows XP as a desktop operating system, provided the distros support your target hardware. The Ubuntu installation disk doubles as a LiveCD environment from which users can ensure that Version 6.10 supports their hardware before installing it to their hard drives. At press time, a LiveDVD version of OpenSUSE 10.2—which could serve much the same purpose as the Edgy Eft installation LiveCD—was slated to ship in January.
While considering a move from Windows to OpenSUSE or Ubuntu, what will likely prove more challenging than hardware driver availability is software availability. That is, if your users are attached to Windows-only software for which there's no acceptable Linux-compatible alternative, neither Ubuntu nor OpenSUSE will be an attractive option.
Ubuntu Edgy Eft is available for free download at www.ubuntu.com/products/GetUbuntu/download#currentrelease. In addition to the standard LiveCD Ubuntu install disk, we could download an alternative installation disk that features a text-mode version of the installer. The text-mode installer loads faster than the LiveCD and offers expanded installation options, such as the ability to install Ubuntu in an LVM (logical volume manager) configuration.
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OpenSUSE 10.2 may be freely downloaded at download.opensuse.org/, either in a set of five CDs or in the form of a single DVD. Alternatively, OpenSUSE 10.2 is available in a $60 retail version that includes printed documentation, installation media for x86 and x86-64 platforms, and 90 days of installation support.
Hardware support
Both Ubuntu 6.10 and OpenSUSE 10.2 are available in x86, x86-64 and PowerPC versions. For Ubuntu, there's also a server variant that's available on all of these platforms, as well as on Sun Microsystems' UltraSPARC architecture. eWEEK Labs tested the x86 versions of both Ubuntu 6.10 and OpenSUSE 10.2 on a Lenovo ThinkPad T41.
Whether we were running Ubuntu 6.10 or OpenSUSE 10.2, our ThinkPad's suspend and hibernate power management functions worked well. (Suspend sends PCs into a low power mode, and hibernate saves PC state to disk and turns systems off.) What's more, the sound volume, screen brightness, display switching, and Wi-Fi on/off and sleep buttons worked as expected, without requiring any tweaking at all.
Edgy Eft ships with a kernel based on Linux 2.6.17, an upgrade over the 2.6.15-based kernel that powered its predecessor. During this version span, the Linux kernel accrued a list of updates, including improved power management support, ACL (access control list) support for CIFS (Common Internet File System), a driver for Broadcom 43xx-based wireless cards and support for the multicore Niagara series of CPUs from Sun.
OpenSUSE ships with a slightly newer Linux kernel, based on version 2.6.18, which adds improvements for SMP machines and SATA (serial ATA) devices.
For more information on Linux kernel developments for particular versions, check out kernelnewbies.org/LinuxChanges.
Ubuntu's software management tools and catalog of ready-to-install software packages have, in the past, been the Ubuntu attribute we've most prized. In Edgy Eft, these tools continue on more or less unchanged, and software management remains a particularly bright spot for Ubuntu.
OpenSUSE's software management tools are pretty good. The transition from the classic SUSE software management tool set to the new ZENworks system based on Ximian's Red Carpet is moving along well, but we found it more difficult to browse through available software on OpenSUSE 10.2 than on Ubuntu 6.10. We also found that OpenSUSE 10.2's software tools were noticeably slower than those of Ubuntu 6.10.
For example, we installed the FTP client gFTP on both OpenSUSE and Ubuntu. Since we knew the name of the package we were after, we used the command line. On our OpenSUSE machine, we issued the command "rug install gftp," and the operation took 1 minute and 50 seconds (45 seconds of which was spent waiting for the ZENworks Management Daemon to wake up). On our Ubuntu system, the same operation, which we launched with the command "sudo apt-get install gtfp," took 35 seconds.
In both cases, the time it took to complete the operation included downloading gFTP from the Internet, but we were using the same mirror repository for both systems. (The kernel.org mirror, in San Francisco, hosts both Ubuntu and OpenSUSE mirrors.)
Edgy Eft and OpenSUSE 10.2 each ship with a very good selection of desktop applications, and, for the most part, these applications are integrated smoothly into the system. One negative element we encountered in Edgy, however, was the state of spam filtering support in the Evolution mail client that's included as Ubuntu's default mailer: Out of the box, spam filtering with Evolution did not work.
We did find a how-to on the Ubuntu forums that led us through the process of installing and configuring SpamAssassin and/or Bogofilter to handle spam filtering, but we hope to see this tedious configuration task excised from future Ubuntu releases.
OpenSUSE's Evolution implementation, on the other hand, filtered spam well right off the bat, without need for further configuration.
Edgy Eft was originally slated to become a more bleeding-edge release than previous Ubuntu versions had been—thus the name. However, the only part of Edgy that lives up to that handle is the system's built-from-scratch replacement for Linux's sysvinit—the program that's responsible for launching all the other programs that constitute a running Linux system.
The Ubuntu replacement, which is installed by default in Edgy, is called Upstart, and is intended to enable Ubuntu systems to better navigate dependencies among the services it's responsible for launching. In our tests, we did notice somewhat shorter startup and shutdown times, which, for now, are the primary advertised benefit of Upstart.
OpenSUSE's GNOME desktop now sports the Windows XP-like Start menu that debuted in last summer's SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop. The new menu makes it easier to launch recently used applications and documents, but we found that it took longer to navigate to other installed applications than with the traditional GNOME menu (which is still available).
While the new menu does include an integrated search box, search results don't appear immediately within the menu, as is the case with Windows Vista's search-enabled menu. We'd like to see Novell add this functionality to its menu-borne search in future versions.
Advanced Technologies Analyst Jason Brooks can be reached at jason_brooks@ziffdavis.com.
